Furnaces is a core piece of equipment for metallurgy industry, the one used to heat, melt, or otherwise process metals. Especially in iron and steel production, the furnace is applied for smelting, where metal ores are reduced under high heat to separate the metal content from mineral gangue. The heat energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly by fuel combustion or by electricity. Different processes and the unique properties of specific metals and ores have led to many different furnace types.

Modern metallurgical industry furnaces can be divided into three categories based on different heat sources, fuel furnaces, electric furnaces, and self heating furnaces. In addition, metallurgical furnaces using new energy sources such as solar and atomic energy as heat sources are currently in the development stage.

Fuel Furnaces

Fuel furnaces use the combustion heat of fuel as a heat source and are most widely used in the metallurgical industry.

Electric Furnaces

The characteristic of an electric furnace is to use electricity as the heat source. According to the electric thermal conversion method, it is usually divided into three types: resistance furnace, induction furnace, and electric arc furnace.

Self Heating Furnaces

The characteristic of a self heating furnace is that it relies on the heat generated by the furnace material itself to maintain the normal operation of the furnace. Except for preheating or pre melting of the furnace material, there is no or basically no need for external heat inside the furnace. Common steel making converters, copper and nickel smelting converters, and aluminum thermal smelting furnaces. The roasting furnace for sulfide ore is often a self heating furnace.

A reverberatory furnace still exposes the reaction chamber, where metal or ore is combined with reagents, to a stream of exhaust gases. However, no fuel is directly added to the chamber, and combustion occurs in a separate chamber.

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